Preposition
Preposition berasal dari kata “pre” (sebelum) dam
“position” (letak). Jadi pada mulanya preposition adalah kata yang digunakan di
depan kata benda atau frase kata benda untuk menerangkan letak (posisi) benda
tersebut.
Contoh
:
- - My books are on the table
- - Father is in the living room, while mother is in the kitchen.
Dalam
perkembangannya, preposition tidka hanya digunakan di depan kata benda, tetapi
juga bisa di depan jenis kata lainnya, misalnya di depan :
-
Kata Ganti (I will give it to you)
-
Keterangan waktu (she gets up at five)
Dalam
Bahasa Inggris, kata atau frasa yang terletak sesudah preposition disbeut
object od preposition. Obyek ini bisa berupa kata benda, kata ganti, gerunds,
atau frase. Frase (kata majemuk atau kumpulan kata) yang dimulai dengan kata
depan disebut dengan prepositional phrase. Contoh prepositional phrase terdapat
pada kalimat berikut ini :
- - He owns the house on the corner (prep + article + noun)
- - We are waiting for her (prep + pronoun)
- - She has read many books about flying (prep + gerund)
Preposition
digunakan untuk menghubungkan obyek preposition menunjukkan hubungan ide yang
dinyatakan dalam prepositional phrase dengan ide yang dinyatakan dalam bagian
kalimat sebelumnya.
Meskipun
struktur sebagian besar prepositional phrases sederhana, tidak mengalami
perubahan pada huruf terakhirnya dan jumlahnya tidak lebih dari seratus, tapi
penggunaannya dalam kalimat sangat kompleks. Hal ini disebabkan antara lain :
- 1. Sebagian besar prepositions mempunyai arti lebih dari Satu
- 2. Banyak prepositions yang bisa digunakan sebagai adverbs
- 3. Prepositions digunakan dalam ratusan idioms
- 4. Banyak adjectives, nouns, dan verbs yang hanya bisa diikuti oleh preposition tertentu
- 5. Ada ratusan phrasal verbs yang dibuat dari gabunngan kata kerja dengan adverbs dan prepositions.
THE MEANING OF PREPOSITIONS
Berdasarkan
urutan abjad, prepositions yang sering digunakan adalah :
About
- - Tentang à This is a story about elephants
- - Sekitar à He is about ten years old
Above
- - Diatas à The plane flew above the clouds
Across
- - Melewati à we walked across the field
- - Di seberang à There is a store across the street
After
- - Sesudah à Q comes after P in the alphabet
- - Mengejar à The dog ran after the cat
Against
- - Melanggar à Thief is against the law
- - Menyentuh permukaan à I leaned my bicycle against the wall
Along
- - Sepanjang à we walked along the road
Among
- - Diantara à The money was shared among three people
Around
- - Mengelilingi à we walked around the block
- - Di sekitar à There is a fence around the garden
- - Ke sekitar à I looked around the house for the keys
- - Sekitar à He is around six feet tall
At
- - Nomor rumah à at 23 Chestnut Street
- - Tempat/lokasi à at the park, at school
- - Jam à at 5 o’clock
- - Hari besar/liburan à at Christmas
- - Kondisi à at peace; at war; at rest
- - Kegiatan à at work; at play
- - Seseorang/obyek à look at someone; wave at someone
Before
- - Sebelum (waktu) à before two o’clock; before Christmas
- - Sebelum (urutan) S comes before T in the alphabet
Behind
- - Di belakang à the little girl hid behind her mother
- - Terlambat à I am behind in my work
- - Di balik (pemiliki) à who was behind that idea ?
Below
- - Dibawah à below sea level
Beneath
- - Dibawah à beneath the earth
Beside
- - Di sebelah/disamping à I sit beside her in class
Between
- - Di antara (tempat) à Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver
- - Di antara (waktu) à between Christmas and New Year’s day
- - Di antara (urutan) à B comes between A and C in the alphabet
- - Diantara (kelompok) The money was shared between two people
Beyond
- - Jauh à The mountains lie beyond the horizon
- - Di luar (kemampuan seseorang) à that was beyond my expectations
But
- - Kecuali à I have read all but the last chapter
By
- - Dekat à My house is by the sea
- - Melewati àHe was as he drove by the house
- - Tidak lebih dari à Try to finish the work by next week
- - Timbangan/satuan à cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
- - Naik – travel by plane
Concerning
- - Mengenai à He studies everything concerning trees
Despite
- - Meskipun à we walked downtown despite the rain
Down
- - Ke bawah à the ball roll down the hill
- - Jauh diseberang à He lives down the street
During
- - Selama à she works during the day
- - Waktu tertentu --? An accident occurred during the night
Except
- - Kecuali à I have visited everyone except him
For
- - Selama à we walked for two hours
- - Seajuh à I walked for five kilometers
- - Untuk à I bought this jacket for you
- - Ke (menuju) à she left for New York
- - Mendukung à We are for the proposal
- - Untuk à The boy is clever for his age
From
- - Dari (tempat) à we left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
- - Dari (waktu) à from now on; from yesterday until today
- - Sekitar (jumlah) à from 20 to 30 people were present
- - Karena à He suffers from nervousness
- - Dari (sumber informasi) à I first heard the story from you
In
- - Di (Negara, benua) à in London; in Europe
- - Di dalam à in the room; in the building
- - Pada (bulan, tahun) à That happened in march, in 1992
- - Dalam (waktu) à I will return in an hour
- - Dengan (alat) à write in pencil, speak in English
- - Keadaan à in doubt, in hurry, in secret
- - Anggota à He is in the orchestra, in the navy
- - Memakai à the boy in the blue shirt
- - Dalam hal à lacking in ideas, rich in oil
Inside
- - Di dalam à they are inside the house
Into
- - Masuk ke dalam à we stepped into the room
- - Perubahan keadaan à the boy changed into a man
Like
- - Seperti à that looks like him
- - Nampkanya mungkin à it looks like rain
- - Menunjukkan keinginann à I feel like going swimming
Minus
- - Dikurangi à Three minus two equals one
Near
- - Dekat dengan à near the school; near the ocean
Of
- - Tempat à east of here; the middle of the road
- - Milik/hubungan à a car of mine; the sound of music
- - Bagian kelompok à one of us, a member of the team
- - Ukuran à a cup of milk, two meters of snow
Off
- - Menjauh dari à please keep off the grass
- - Pada jarak tertentu dari à There are islands off the coast
On
- - Di/diatas (menyentuh permukaan) à on the table, on the wall
- - Pada (hari,tanggal) à that happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June
- - Di (nama jalan) à on South Street
- - Tentang/mengenai à a book on engineering
- - Keadaan à. On strike, on fire, on holiday
- - Dengan (alat, cara) à live on a pension, shown on TV
Onto
- - Ke atas à the child climbed onto the table
Opposite
- - menghadap à The library is opposite the fire station
out of
- - keluar dari à she went out of the room
- - dari (jumlah tertentu) à we won two games out of three
- - dari (bahan) à The bridge is made out of three
- - di luar à out of control; out of danger
outside
- - di luar (tempat) à outside the house
- - di luar (keadaan seseorang) à outside my experience
over
- - di atas à there are cupboards over the sink
- - menutupi à we spread an extra blanket over the bed
- - menyeberangi à I jumped over a puddle
- - lebih dari à It cost over ten dollars, it took over an hour
- - selama à I saw him several times over the past week
- - dengan alat à We made plans over the telephone
past
- - melewati (tempat) à I walked past the house
- - lewat/lebih dari (jam) à It was 2 o’clock; half past two
per
- - untuk setiap – 60 kilometers per hour; price per liter
plus
- - ditambah à six plus four equals ten
since
- - sejak (waktu lampau sampai sekarang) à I have been waiting here since noon
through
- - melewati à the main road through town
- - sepanjang (waktu) à I slept through the night
- - dengan jalan (cara) à Skill improves through practice
throughout
- - pada setiap bagian/wilayah à throughout the world
- - sepanjang (waktu) à throughout the winter
to
- - ke arah à turn to the right
- - tujuan à I am going to Rome
- - sampai à from Monday to Friday; five minutes to ten
- - dibandingkan dengan à they prefer hockey to soccer
- - pada (obyek tidak langsung) à please give it to me
- - untuk (tujuan) à we went to the store to buy soap
toward
(or towards)
- - menuju (kearah) à we walked toward the center of town
- - persis sebelum (waktu) à it rained towards evening
under
- - di bawah à under the desk, under the trees
- - kurang dari à under 100 people were present
- - dalam keadaan à under repair; under way; under discussion
underneath
- - dibawah à underneath the carpet
until
- - sampai (waktu tertentu) à she will stay until Friday, until 5 pm
up
- - ke (tempat yang lebih tinggi) à we went up the stairs
- - di (tempat yang lebih tinggi) à she lives up the hill
up
to
- - sampai à up to now, I have read up to page 100
- - tergantung pada à The decision is up to you
- - memenuhi à His work is up to standard
versus
- - melawan à The next game is England versus Australia
Via
- - Melewati à He went to Los Angeles via San Fransisco
With
- - Dengan (seseorang) à He came with her, I have my keys with me
- - Dengan (berisi) à here is a book with a map of the island
- - Dengan (alat) à I repaired the shoes with glue
- - Dengan (cara) à with pleasure; with ease, with difficulty
- - Karena à we were paralyzed with fear
Within
- - Dalam à within twenty minutes, within one kilometer
Without
- - Tanpa à do not leave without your coat; without money
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